Critical Evaluation of Accounting Cycle - 3883 Words

INTRODUCTION: An Organization often needs a way to keep score when conducting business operations. Accounting usually fits this need because it allows create to companies financial reports that can be compared with other companies or an industry standard. Business owners and managers also use accounting to review the efficiency of operations. This information may help owners and managers make business decisions and improve the company’s profitability. Accounting is basically defined as the process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to help its users make informed judgment and decisions. It also involves recording, classifying, summarizing and interpreting financial transactions and events about economic†¦show more content†¦Financial statements are the most important reports of a business. These statements are prepared from the information in the trial balance. The purpose of these statements is to show the reader the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of a business, as well as other useful information concerning the business. Financial statements are usually prepared once a year. Financial statements consist of (amongst other things) an income statement, statement of changes in the owner’s equity, balance sheet, cash flow statement and (where needed) an auditor’s report. Thus we can say ACCOUNTING CYCLE indicates the technique of preparing financial statement for the consumption of different stockholders within a given guideline. Accounting Cycle is a Technique: The accounting cycle begins when business transactions are entered into the journal. Transactions include all events that impact any of the company s accounts, such as cash on hand, or accounts receivable, or bank loans payable. Journal entries accumulate in chronological order —the order in which they occur. The second step in the accounting cycle is transferring (posting) journal entries into a ledger or ledgers, where they are organized first by account, and then chronologically within accounts. Journal: On 1 September, two customers place product orders, on credit. Customer 1 orders $4,200 in products, Customer 2 orders $5,800 in products. Later the same day, the companyShow MoreRelatedRiordan Manufacturing Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesHang Zhou, China. Currently, Riordans COO, Hugh McCauley, and the executive team have requested changes to the current information system used to maintain inventory and manufacturing processes. Evaluation of current Sales, Inventory, and Manufacturing processes will be required as well as the evaluation of current hardware and software. The present networking system requires improvements and, thanks to todays technology can easily be upgraded. The outdated information system and methods couldRead MoreRiordan Manufacturing Executive Summary1607 Words   |  7 PagesHang Zhou, China. Currently, Riordans COO, Hugh McCauley, and the executive team have requested changes to the current information system used to maintain inventory and manufacturing processes. Evaluation of current Sales, Inventory, and Manufacturing processes will be required as well as the evaluation of current hardware and software. The present networking system requires improvements and, thanks to todays technology can easily be upgraded. The outdated information system and methods couldRead MoreDifferent Functions of External Quality Assurance899 Words   |  4 Pageslearning and development, the functions of external quality assurance bodies play a critical role in the development of learning and development programs at organisations within their sphere of influence. 1.2. 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The practices in managing cultures have changed in the...

In this essay about managing culture in the post-bureaucratic era, I am going to argue how the practices of managing culture have changed in this era and how they differentiate oneself from the bureaucratic era. Furthermore I describe the cultural influences especially in organizations and how the importance of those influences changed over the time. In the first section I am going to explain the content of managing organization culture to get a first insight in the topic and to express the knowledge about the influences of the culture in an organization. In the next chapter I separate between two perspectives of the cultural organizations and explain which of the both are relevant for the assignment question. The next step of my†¦show more content†¦It can be described as a part of an organization or as the organization itself. The first perspective describes the culture as leading the organization to the most positive effectiveness through a good management. On the other h and the second point of view describes the culture as the social interactions of people in an organization (Meek 1988, cited in Knight Willmott 2007). After demonstrating the explanation of culture it is important to explain how the practices of the mainstream and the critical perspective of the organizational culture have changed from the bureaucratic era to the post-bureaucratic era. The bureaucratic era has been the traditional form of organization for more than a century, in simple terms described as hybridity, standardized operations and none flexibility inside the organization. The change to the post-bureaucratic is shown through personal influence, high trust relationships and the importance of the individuality of everyone (McKenna, Garcia-Lorenzo Bridgeman, 2010). According to Kernaghan (2000) the characteristic of the bureaucratic era is â€Å"position power† and of the post bureaucratic â€Å"participate leadership†. With this statement it can be said, that the practices of managing cultures also have changed in this era and that the importance of cultural influences on the organizations are higher than before. Important toShow MoreRelatedThe Practices Of Managing Culture Since The Post Bureaucratic Era1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe practices in managing culture have changed in the post-bureaucratic era. In this essay, I intend to argue that from a time of structured bureaucracy to an aeon of flexibility and the stripping down of hierarchical order, the principles in managing culture have evolved. Nevertheless, as practices have changed, the results are analogous in that culture is developed in order to control an organisation. Organisation culture is the deep, normal assumptions, beliefs, and shared values that delineateRead MoreBureaucratic Leadership Vs. 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Communication and Presenting Information Free Essays

What is active listening? Active listening is a person’s ability and willingness to listen and understand. Often we people talk to each other. We might not listen at a time because lack of attentiveness, which can distract the speaker. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication and Presenting Information or any similar topic only for you Order Now In way active listening can be called as responding to another person that develops mutual understanding. Active listening is process in which the listener paraphrases in its own words what the speaker had said to confirm or clarify of accuracy of the message. Active listening involves listening with your head and your heart; that is, you listen to the content of the message but also the feelings behind the message. The skill of active listening involves paying attention with empathy to the listener, as opposed to distracted denying, cynical or ostrich behavior. New session leaders of alcoholics anonymous meetings are advised to’†¦. Take cotton form your ears and put it in your mouth’. (Hogan, 2000) Listening can wrongly be viewed as a passive activity; the speaker talks and the listener listen’s. The listener is silent and passive and the speaker is active and verbal. When the speaker finishes its talking, the assumption is that the message has been accurately received by the listener, with no observation participation or effort active listening statement. â€Å"The most basic of all human needs is the need to be understood†. (Fujishin,1997) Listening does not mean just have sit with the mouth shut stirring at the person. A dead body can do that. It is an active process which requires participation to understand fully the meaning of a communication. Listening actively involves clarifying, paraphrasing, giving feedback. Paraphrasing: state in your own word what the speaker had said in the talk. It is sign of good listening. It keeps the listener busy trying to understand and know that other person means rather than blocking. Clarifying: it goes along with paraphrasing. It means asking questions until the listener get the correct picture. In order to understand fully what the speaker said. Clarifying assist the listeners to sharpen its listening focus so that the listener hears more than vague generalities. Giving Feedback: feedback is what active listening depends on. After paraphrasing and clarifying the listener gives an example what had been said and hopefully understands it. This is the point at which the listener can talk about reaction. In freely way the listener share its thought, felt or sensed. Active listening is really one of the mostly physical and mentally challenging aspects of facilitation. Listening sometime does not come easy for some people not because they are not willing to listen but because they are not able to do so. Actually their mind does not come up with the total picture because some people see the world in one dimension. This inability to listen using both side of the brain can cause misinterpretation, miscommunication and miscalculation. As a result the listener with in ability could not be able to deal with logic of a relationship and also with the emotional component. Therefore this unbalanced use of brain often results in the inability of the listener understand all the essential signs form the person speaking. Therefore active listening require usage both side of brain. Unfortunately there are few people who are able to understand this fact who instead see this skill in one reflecting use of the both side of brain. Taking holistic approach toward listening requires special discipline or rules on the part of the listener. The basis reason is that many listeners tend to fall into their own comfort zones by in taking what they want to hear and skipping rest of the important data and facts. As a result hearing selectively can lead to incorrect conclusion of data and information. Listening is like art were there are opportunities for huge errors. â€Å"This information is taken from the Source: Kliem (2007) â€Å"Effective Communications for Project Management† CRC Press Feature of active listening Active listening motivates the person to listen carefully which eventually motivates the speaker to talk effectively. Active listening helps the speakers to identify that whether the listener is taking afford to understand thing with any distraction and helps the listener to clear their doubt and revert back the message to the speaker in order to give idea that he as understood. The distraction is big treat while listening and speaking, were the listener forgets the point or get miss leaded about speaker’s talk or message, were as speaker also gets frustrated and won’t put his best effort. The active listener use both side of brain. They see the skill as one reflecting the use of the right or left side of the brain. The left side of the brain highlights facts, organizational, logical reasoning and thinking and discipline and accuracy in thought. It is extremely goal and analysis oriented. Active listening exclusively from this viewpoint can result in ignoring the important emotional message of the speaker: for example the importance on calculating metric is left brain activity. Focusing on scheduling and cost performances index as a measure of success is a prime example of left brain thinking. The right side of the brain highlights emotional and sensory view. Imaging and imagining are two quiet actions of this side of the brain. The importance is on nonverbal communication and impulsive behavior. Active listening from this view point can result in ignoring or skipping the important data and fact and being influenced by the speaker. Most common example of active listening is boards meeting of the company were each directors or shareholders as listener listen actively because every decision raised in the company is important and should be planned in order to achieve objective and goals. BARRIERS OF ACTIVE LISTENING â€Å"Man inability to communicate is a result of his failure to listen effectively, skillfully and with understanding to other human beings†. Carl roger,1850) The biggest barrier of the active listening is the unconscious nature of the process. When we listen to take in information from all of our sense continuously and for which automatic we give a meaning to what we take in. Responding without thinking for the first is easy, as there are some people who use very little of their full listen ing capacity because they do not intentionally put their full energy into it. However there are barriers to listening beside the environmental barriers. Some of the common see barriers are: Negative and positive trigger: there are certain words, sound, phrases; gesture that can draw out an emotional response from the person. A positive trigger is phrases or word that produces a good feeling for the listener and negative trigger is a phrase or word that produces feeling such as anger. The trigger causes when a person reacts before for thinking. The listener just by hearing few words has a preprogrammed understanding and response because the trigger cuts off the information gathering actions of the senses and can show the way to greatly mistaken estimation. This trigger interferes with the listeners listening because the listeners immediately change their attention to the emotions that they are experiencing. Any effective listener can identify their own trigger in order to gain their conscious control of their action and listen more effectively. ?Difference in word definition: No two people have same meaning for the words or phrase. These differences in meaning can lead to misinterpreting and misunderstanding. A responsible person first check with the speaker and helps groups builds up harmony on the definition of important words and phrases. Personal issues: every person has important personal issues beside the work life. Sometimes these issues want a huge attention and take a lot of energy which make the person tough to actively listen at some moment. A Responsible person first observes the effect of the personal issues and then takes time to deal with them. When it is time to listen, they intentionally remind themselves to use active listening process. For example a manager who is going through break up found it difficult to listen during board meeting. But his boss was supportive and understanding; however at that moment the manager should put his personal matters at a side and meet his obligations of the organization. ?Poor physical surroundings: poor physical surrounding involves Noisy, distracting or uncomfortable places and situation make it hard to listen and also make it difficult to focus on what the speaker is explaining. ?Tiredness: it becomes difficult to listen actively when a person is tried. Active listening requires active or alert mind and energetic body to considerate. A student in order to be active listener should get good night sleep before attending the early morning lecture so that the student considerate without any tiredness. ?Filter: Your beliefs, values, assumption, expectation, past experiences and interest all these things interfere with active listening. There are subtle and thus are hard to detect. For instant, think as if your enemy sitting beside you, eventually you will be thinking some else rather that listening to the speaker. Importance’s of active listening Active listening is an important skill that can bring changes in people. Changes as such in attitude toward themselves and others and also bring changes in your vital value and physical philosophy. People who contain active listening skill are more emotionally mature, less defensive, have more experiences, more independent and less demanding. The people who listen sensitively tend to listen themselves with more care so they are make clear about what they are thinking and feeling. Some of common Importance of active listening is: ? It helps you to focus on one task without any distraction and enable you to get clear picture of what speaker try to explain. It helps you to develop your interest in listening and keep you active and alert. ?It keeps you way from misinterpretation and misunderstanding of idea of other person because understanding other person is very difficult. ?It helps to develops trust between listener and speaker. It isn’t very often an individual is given the opportunity to share what’s really on his mind or deep in his heart without be attacked and rescued. This is one of the most important rewards of actively listening for understanding where the speaker trusts you. Conclusion Listening well is an essential component of every successful person. Active listening takes a lot of energy and very irritating to mirror every statement during conversation. At some extend, it can drive person crazy. A person should keep active listening for those occasions when the person require clarifying the speaker’s message, the speaker want to feel understanding of listeners. Active listening just encourages a person to set aside the trouble of self talk, in order to get mixed up with what the others are relating and to experience totally what they feeling. You will be shocked to discover that when you focus on your speaker rather than yourself, it become far easier for you to think of things to say. As said by Fritz Perls â€Å"the pictures of the world do not enter us automatically, but selectively. We don’t see, we look for, search, scan for something. We don’t hear all the sounds of the world, we listen†. References 1. Hoppe(2007) â€Å"Active Listening: Improve Your Ability to Listen and Lead† London Publisher: Center for Creative Leadership 2. Ivey , Bradford Ivey Zalaquett (2009) â€Å"Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society† Publisher: Cengage Learning 3. Jones (2008) â€Å"Introduction to Counselling Skills: Text and Activities† Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd. 4. Moyet(2005) â€Å"Understanding the nursing process: concept mapping and care planning for students† Publisher: Lippincott Williams Wilkins 5. Weaver Farrell (1997) â€Å"Managers as facilitators: a practical guide to getting work done in a changing workplace† Publisher: Berrett-Koehler Publishers 6. Fujishin(2007) â€Å"Creating effective groups: the art of small group communication† Publisher: Rowman Littlefield 7. Kliem(2007) â€Å"Effective Communications for Project Management† Publisher: CRC Press 8. McKay, Davis Fanning (2009) â€Å"Messages: The Communication Skills Book† Publisher: New Harbinger Publications 9. Spencer Pruss (1997) â€Å"The professional secretary’s handbook† Publisher: Barron’s Educational Series 10. Farrell Weaver (2000) â€Å"The Practical Guide to Facilitation: A Self-Study Resource† Publisher: Berrett-Koehler Publishers 11. Garner(1997) â€Å"Conversationally speaking: tested new ways to increase your personal and social effectiveness† Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional 12. http://www. gordontraining. com/artman2/uploads/1/ActiveListening_RogersFarson. pdf (accessed 6 august 2009) How to cite Communication and Presenting Information, Papers

Poetry Analysis on Breathless Essay Example For Students

Poetry Analysis on Breathless Essay Poetry Analysis on Breathless by Wilfred Nonce Florence Wong G(17) Breathless, which was written by Wilfred Nonce at 21200 feet, describes the emotional struggles and physical challenges the speaker experienced and overcame while climbing a mountain. And through it, Wilfred Nonce illustrates the theme of man versus nature as well as the correct attitude In achieving goals by emphasizing the ambivalence of the speaker toward finishing the climb. This is demonstrated through the poems tone, form and structure and the use of imagery respectively. To begin with, the tone throughout the poem Is discouraged and almost desperate, et conflicted with determination. In line 5-6, Legs lift-why at all? suggests that the speaker is feeling hopeless at that moment since he is having a hard time climbing up the mountain as described in line 1-2, Heart aches, lungs pant. However, in line 19-20, dont look up, till journeys done and In line 29-31 Go on and dont look up Indicate the strong determination In the speaker to finish his Journey on the mountain. The speaker is commanding himself to carry on, even though he would love to take flat steps instead as showed in line 11-12, a flat step is holiday. The determination to conquer nature Is expressed here. On top of that, the poet is trying to relate this to peoples dally lives: Just Like how the speaker struggled with finishing his climb, people experience hardships and temptations throughout life, and it is perseverance and self-discipline that lead them to reaching their goals. Secondly, the structure and form of the poem portrayed the level of difficulty of the climb to the speaker. The outline of the poem Is not regular or smooth, depicting the rugged and twisty road the speaker is climbing on, and furthermore all the different problems people face in their lives. There is also no stanza, which means the lines re all leaned, without any gaps In between, Just like the continuous climb the speaker Is doing, and the unceasing challenges In peoples lives. Moreover, the lines are short, some chopped off in the middle (caesura), and the words are short with little syllables. This imitates the ragged breath, steady, fast heartbeat and small footsteps of the speaker while climbing up the mountain, and also the intense atmosphere while doing it (since he is confronting with the edge every moment). And more importantly, it is written in such way so when readers read the poem out quickly, they will feel breathless as well, Just like the speaker does in he poem. In addition, for most of the lines In the poem, the rhyme scheme of ABACA Is adopted, like how line 2, pant rhymes with line 4, scant, but line 1 and line 2 dont. This is to imitate the repeating process of the speaker putting his feet forward one by one, as well as his pounding heart and panting lungs. Besides, this poem is written in free verse, which means it does not have a fixed pattern of meter or rhyme. During the middle of the poem-Grind breath/ once more then on; dont look up till Journeys done, it is where the ABACA rhyme scheme adopted so far breaks down. This 1 OFF ending the flicker of determination (since he said dont look up till Journeys done), contrastingly. The idea of free verse is to provide a sense of roughness of the climb and losing breath during the climb in the poem. Finally, a circular structure is used in this poem as well. Heart aches, lungs pant/ dry air/ sorry,scant. appeared at the beginning of the poem, and so in the end of it. This is to emphasis the physical pain the speaker is going through climbing the mountain, also the greatness of the mountain, since it is able to oppress the speaker. In overall, the structure and form f the poem helped intensify the feeling of exhausted and despair, and mostly, breathless, showing how weak and vulnerable human being is to nature. .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96 , .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96 .postImageUrl , .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96 , .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96:hover , .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96:visited , .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96:active { border:0!important; } .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96:active , .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96 .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaa2e01d944886a058971d736f583bb96:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Demon Goes To Kill Death EssayIn the meantime, this parallels to the fact that the Journeys that people choose to embark on is often hard and full of challenges. Thirdly, the imagery created by Wilfred Nonce in the poem, again, pictures how challenging the speakers climb is. The senses auditory, taste and smell do not apply since the speaker is climbing a mountain. The imagery of a long, difficult and vague journey ahead is depicted by the things the speaker sees: loose drift, heavy fall, the Journey ahead and glasses dim. The imagery of close to falling/fainting is created by what the speaker feels: heart aching, lungs panting, dry air, prodding the snow, grinding breath, hand wrenching, limb faltering, a slack throat and heart beating. Then, the imagery of depression and wanting to give up is created by harsh, dynamic or monosyllabic words like grind, wrench. It also creates the sound effectuate from that, the speaker describes the feelings of his different body parts separately, one by one, as if they were separate, or falling apart. These imagery emphasis how desperate the speaker is while climbing the mountain, the same thing a lot of people feel while confronting challenges in their lives. In conclusion, Wilfred Nonce wrote this poem to contrast the greatness of the nature and the weakness of human, as well as how people should be persistent and persevering when facing depressing challenges in life. He conveyed his message by using mainly the tone, form and structure and use of imagery in the poem. Ultimately this is all intended to create the effect of breathlessness to the reader, and it is very effective.

The Paradise Review Essay Example

The Paradise Review Paper Essay on The Paradise The Paradise Zola I read for the first time as a schoolgirl. Ironically, by the time I was well acquainted not only with many other novels of the author, but also with other French masters such as: Flaubert, Balzac, Maupassant. Therefore, I still can not explain to myself the extraordinary appeal of this particular product. I re-read it at least a dozen times, it affected me as a soothing and entertaining toy for a child. Endless descriptions of the vast store of goods is fascinating and mesmerizing. The novels plot is simple, nezateyliv, many more touches stories of love and relationships between man and woman is not only found in French literature. What is so mesmerizing? Store Description? What we, the modern ladies lace, corsets and gloves? Someone might say that sochinenitse something rather weak, can not be found that the object is probably true. What I so fascinated in The Paradise? I can not still answer this question. I read that Zola himself in the image of Denise wanted to show women an ideal of his understanding, the one that can make the happiness of the man as the Mura a rich, spoiled and pampered, fix its relation to family and marriage. And yet, perhaps, the main character of the novel the spirit of Paris, as the focus of the fashion kingdom zhenschiny.Razorenie for orders and whims of women, in whose name and moves the whole world, all his money and business consumption otnosheniya.Etot holiday, thirst wealth , the proprietary side of the world, which absorbs everything around him, ruthlessly ruining all the traditional values ​​with the chanting of moderation, prudence, austerity. Is there in all of this at least a ray of hope for something pure and natural? Provincial, poor and not very pretty girl Denise! Somehow like the show? No, the French classics!

Free Essays on Star Clusters

Star Clusters Globular Globular clusters are gravitationally bound concentrations of approximately ten thousand to one million stars. They populate the halo or bulge of the Milky Way and other galaxies with a significant concentration toward the Galactic Center. Spectroscopic study of globular clusters shows that they are much lower in heavy element abundance than stars such as the Sun that form in the disks of galaxies. Thus, globular clusters are believed to be very old and formed from an earlier generation of stars. More recent estimates yield an age of 12 to 20 billion years; the best value for observation is perhaps 14 to 16 billion. As their age is crucial as a lower limit for the age of our universe, it was subject to vivid and continuous discussion for decades. The age of globular clusters is determined by investigating their H-R diagrams. The disk stars, by contrast, have evolved through many cycles of starbirth and supernovae, which enrich the heavy element concentration in star-forming clouds and may also trigger their collapse. Our galaxy has about 200 globular clusters, most in highly eccentric orbits that take them far outside the Milky Way. Most other galaxies have globular cluster systems as well, in some cases containing several thousands of globulars. Open Open (or galactic) clusters are physically related groups of stars held together by mutual gravitational attraction. They are believed to originate from large cosmic gas/dust clouds in the Milky Way, and to continue to orbit the galaxy through the disk. Star formation takes place at this very moment, so we can observe the formation of new young open star clusters. Open clusters populate about the same regions of the Milky Way and other galaxies as diffuse nebulae, notably spiral arms in disk galaxies, and irregular galaxies, and are found along the band of the Milky Way in the sky. Most open clusters have only a short life as stellar swarms. As they ... Free Essays on Star Clusters Free Essays on Star Clusters Star Clusters Globular Globular clusters are gravitationally bound concentrations of approximately ten thousand to one million stars. They populate the halo or bulge of the Milky Way and other galaxies with a significant concentration toward the Galactic Center. Spectroscopic study of globular clusters shows that they are much lower in heavy element abundance than stars such as the Sun that form in the disks of galaxies. Thus, globular clusters are believed to be very old and formed from an earlier generation of stars. More recent estimates yield an age of 12 to 20 billion years; the best value for observation is perhaps 14 to 16 billion. As their age is crucial as a lower limit for the age of our universe, it was subject to vivid and continuous discussion for decades. The age of globular clusters is determined by investigating their H-R diagrams. The disk stars, by contrast, have evolved through many cycles of starbirth and supernovae, which enrich the heavy element concentration in star-forming clouds and may also trigger their collapse. Our galaxy has about 200 globular clusters, most in highly eccentric orbits that take them far outside the Milky Way. Most other galaxies have globular cluster systems as well, in some cases containing several thousands of globulars. Open Open (or galactic) clusters are physically related groups of stars held together by mutual gravitational attraction. They are believed to originate from large cosmic gas/dust clouds in the Milky Way, and to continue to orbit the galaxy through the disk. Star formation takes place at this very moment, so we can observe the formation of new young open star clusters. Open clusters populate about the same regions of the Milky Way and other galaxies as diffuse nebulae, notably spiral arms in disk galaxies, and irregular galaxies, and are found along the band of the Milky Way in the sky. Most open clusters have only a short life as stellar swarms. As they ...

Tesco expanding in Dubai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Tesco expanding in Dubai - Essay Example It mainly desired to present value-added products such as consumer electronics, clothes, consumer financial services, internet services, gas, consumer telecoms and many other useful articles. Other than this, Tesco Plc also expanded in varied other segments such as retailing of books, furniture, petrol and software; financial services, DVD rental, music downloads and telecoms and internet services. Not only this, Tesco Plc also operates in many other segments such as banking, fuels, tech-support, film making, technika and Tesco tyres. Therefore, due to the presence of varied types of essential articles, the retailer of Tesco Plc became successful to position itself as one of the renowned brand in the entire globe among many other rival retailers. This helped the organization of Tesco Plc to fulfil its vision to offer qualitative products at lowest price so as to maintain its portfolio in this segment effectively (Tesco, 2013). However, in order to enhance its brand value and dominanc e within the rival players of the retailing segment, Tesco Plc decided to enter and expand into the competitive markets of Dubai. This might proved effective for the organization of Tesco Plc to reduce its threats and enhance its strengths. Products of Tesco Plc Discussion Description of the organisational context of Tesco Plc Tesco Plc is a multinational retailer of grocery and general merchandise of United Kingdom, founded by Jack Cohen. Being headquartered in Cheshunt of United Kingdom, it operates successfully in many regions and markets in the entire globe. It includes stores in 15 countries such as Asia, Europe, North America, Malaysia, Republic of Ireland and many others. So, it is spotted as one of the leading British retailer in terms of total sales and brand image as compared to many other rival players. Along with this it also comprises a market share of 14.6 % and customer base of more than 1 million in both domestic as well as international markets. As a result, the mar ket value and distinctiveness of Tesco Plc is enhancing at a rapid pace as compared to other retailers such as Wal-Mart and Carrefour. Thus, it helped in enhancement of the revenues by ?64.826 billion by the year 2013 (Tesco, 2013). Apart from this, being a public limited organization, the net income and total assets enhanced by ?124.0 million and ?50.129 billion by 2013. And the total turnover of Tesco Plc in domestic or UK market is ?3.5 billion and in global market is ?8.6 billion. Along with this, it includes employees of more than 270,000 in domestic market and 150,000 staffs in global markets. This acted as one of the vital strengths of the organization of Tesco Plc that enhanced its market image and position in international perspectives. Therefore, in order to present the advantage of its value-added products, it decided to enter into Dubai (Tesco, 2013). Although, the retail market of Dubai is extremely

UK Food and Grocery Retail Markets Research Proposal

UK Food and Grocery Retail Markets - Research Proposal Example Potential entrants in UK's food and grocery retail industry is medium-low because of the huge capital requirements needed to compete with established retailers aside from the tight market competition available in food retailing industry and government support over the local industry players. As published by Gain Report, "UK food and retail grocery market is considered concentrated given that approximately 75% of the total market share is dominated by the four largest supermarket chains" (Vasquez-Nicholson, 2007). Since the four biggest supermarkets which includes: (1) Tesco (31.3%); (2) Asda/Wal-Mart (16.8%); (3) Sainsbury's (16.3%); and (4) Morrisons (11%) (TNS Data, 2007) has the financial capabilities to purchase food and non-food items by bulk, these giant retailers are able to enjoy competitive advantages of entering into a special business arrangements with its accredited suppliers. As a result, large-scale retailers are able to purchase food and non-food items at a relatively much lower prices as compared to other small- and medium-scale food retailers. Aside from having a better economies-of-scale as compared with medium- and small-scale retailers, these four largest food retailers have already established a good brand. Since thousands of people are already satisfied with the quality service and competitive prices offered by these large-scale retailers, the strong brand that was established by the large-scale retailers effectively creates customers' loyalty (Chaudhuri & Holbrook, 2001). This makes it difficult to persuade the buyers to shift from one food retailer to another. Since January 1993, UK government also protects the business interests of the EU competitors1 as compared to other retailers outside the EU members. As a way of protecting the local competitors, EU retailers are made exempted in paying import duty on food and non-food items (Emporiki Bank, 2008; Vasquez-Nicholson, 2007: p. 5). Substitutes and Bargaining Power of Buyers As of 2007, there as much as 109,134 registered retail store outlets that sells both food and non-food items throughout the United Kingdom (Institute of Grocery Distribution Research, 2007). Since there is a high threat of substitute in the case of the four largest grocery retailers, buyers are able to enjoy a high bargaining power over the existing food and grocery retailers. Given that a customer becomes unsatisfied with the customer service or the market prices of goods offered in a particular food and grocery retailers, customer can easily choose to purchase his/her needed food and non-food items from other store. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Contrary to the bargaining power of buyers, suppliers have low bargaining power over grocery retailers. Because of the significant improvements on the existing information and communication technology (ICT), purchasers behind food and grocery retailers are able to enjoy the benefit selecting qualified food and non-food suppliers who are willing to offer them low unit prices on their purchased items combined with a good quality service which includes just-in-time delivery process. Aside from the improvements on ICT and other communication-related gadgets, the promotion of globalization effectively remove trade

Persuasive speech writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasive speech writing - Essay Example Such laws need noble individuals for their implementation. So the issue of creating noble individuals attains top priority. The gun control measures, and the determination of the law enforcing authorities, may reduce the percentage of gun-ridden crimes and shootouts. I therefore, reiterate my support for it, for the simple reason that there is no other alternative for the time being. One important aspect about the intended gun control measure is the administrators have begun to think about the use-level of military-style assault weapons, to check violence. To an extent this may be the right step to do something about the violence-prone society in the prevailing societal conditions. I emphasize the word prevailing, because sermons from the political platforms by the politicians that believe in various ideologies are not going to produce any tangible results. I take it that using gun for violent acts is a negativity like smoking, drinking, drug addiction etc. Are we able to control the drug mafia? They thrive and score a march over the law-enforcing authorities. So, the issue is not about drafting a good law and getting it passed. Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein says the bill is intended "to help end the mass-shootings that have devastated countless families and terrorized communities." He is right. But he has not addressed to the root cause of the problem, and he will not be able to do anything about it. Senators are aware of their limitations, so are we! The issue is, those who are bent upon acquiring the guns, will get them through clandestine channels. Just look around and see how the terrorist organizations are amassing demonic weapons of their choice, including military-type assault rifles. When tempers on the issue get cooled down, the realities related will come to the fore. Those supporting the gun ownership rights have taken a stand to oppose the bill. Americas main gun-rights lobby, the National Rifle

The Value Of Assessing Performance Business Essay

The Value Of Assessing Performance Business Essay An appraisal is an assessment of an employees performance, potential, and developmental needs. It is also an opportunity to review the employees quality of work, to reflect on what has been achieved during the period and agree upon the objectives going forward. Appraisals can benefit both employers and employees by improving their job performance, making it easier to identify what they are doing well, what they need to improve upon, and the most suitable action that needs to be taken for the future. I work for Dubai Multi Commodities Centre (DMCC); being a governmental authority DMCC is obligated to conduct annual and half yearly appraisal process. The mid-year appraisal helps to review the first six months performance and to highlight on areas that need improvement, thereby giving an employee adequate time to ensure that her/his individual objectives are achieved during the year-end performance review. This formal appraisal process is usually written and includes filling out a performance review form signed by both the line-manager and the employee. An important component of DMCCs performance appraisal process is the setting of SMART goals.   SMART Goals are extensively known and renowned tools in performance management.   Every employee is asked to document a series of goals that are Specific, Measurable, Actionable, Realistic, and Time-bound. Subsequent to the line managers mutual approval the employee then works towards accomplishing these goals in the year ahead. Besides the two formal bi-annual appraisal sessions, we also conduct informal appraisal and feedback sessions every quarter. These sessions may include feedback that is not always positive. It is always better to encourage the employees to view their appraisal as an opportunity, not a threat to their professional wellbeing. More importantly the line-manager must ensure that the meeting is a two-way conversation, not a lecture. A performance appraisal needs to be honest, even when employees might not always want to hear what their line-manager has to say. The success of the appraisal process depends on the line-managers readiness to complete a productive and objective appraisal and on the employees readiness to respond to constructive suggestions and to work with her/his manager to reach future goals. Motivating the team to improve performance in the workplace There are various factors that influence how employees behave at workplace and it all depends on  the nature of work that she/he does. For instance, it is fair to assume that an employee working within customer services is going  to get influenced  by how the customers behave. Also, the environment at the work place is very influential of how other colleagues behave with each other. If colleagues do not get along with one another at work then they may not perform to the best of their ability and may struggle to meet the objectives that the employer has set. The  relationship  between employees and the employer is also another main factor that affects the behaviour of an employee. It is possible that the employees  are not happy with certain factors or motions at the  work place  and therefore they do not feel passionate about their work. Thus, the line manager must ensure that  her/his team members are happy and re-think what improvements can be made to ensure that all employees are influenced to positively. There is a universal rule that happy employees contribute significantly in having  a successful business.   While it is important to discipline an employee for wrong doing, it is equally important to praise someone for achieving a challenging task. Motivation can be of many different forms. No standard form of motivation works for every person. Each form influences unique behaviour. Since each persons personality differs, so does the type of motivation. I work as a Senior Financial Accountant at Dubai Multi Commodities Centre (DMCC). Having completed four years in my current role and six years overall I have seen myself grow and transform into different leadership styles. Currently supervising a team of three junior accountants, I am responsible of ensuring accurate and timely reporting of financial performance monthly. In my job I too have challenges to face when it comes to delivering management reports on time and ensuring that the reports have no material errors or omissions. There have been instances when the system goes down and reports have to be compiled manually, which can take longer time and require late sittings. Motivating juniors to be loyal and deliver despite odds is difficult if not done regularly. Incentive is a  common form of motivation that includes both monetary and nonmonetary rewards. I try and ensure my team is always content and the work load is shared evenly among the team. The weekly team meetings and q uarterly appraisals sessions are useful to gage a better understanding of the team and brainstorm collectively to find solutions to issues. Each one of us has different core competencies and utilizing the strengths of each individual productively is termed effective management. Renowned psychologist Abraham Maslow established the motivation theory which categorizes the five human needs ranging from basic survival like food and shelter to the need for self-actualization. Maslow believed that once one need is satisfied, an individual pursues to attain the next need. When applied to workplace, the theory implies that the line-manager must understand the existing needs level of each employee to ascertain what will motivate her/him. To illustrate, a new hire that has been unemployed for an extended time will motivated mostly by the need for basic survival. Alternatively, an employee focused on career advancement would be more inclined to achieve self-actualization; thus it would be wise to allocate her/him to higher-level tasks. Carrot and Stick is the one of the most traditional motivational theory recognized by philosopher Jeremy Bentham. It splits motivation into two basic elements: incentives and fear. Some employees are motivated by the aspiration to earn higher compensation, a desire to achieve status and power by moving up the ladder, or the need for commendation. But some employees act better out of fear: the fear of losing a job, being reprimanded by their line-manager or the inability to adequately perform a task. In my team, I often use the carrot and stick technique depending on the situation. The need to achieve a higher rating during the performance appraisal review session encourages employees to perform better and the fear of being graded low encourages employees to pull up their socks and improve their productivity. Since the performance rating is directly linked to compensation increments, every employee is motivated by the higher monetary reward carrot. The value of feedback in the workplace Regular feedback is essential to improve efficiency and harmony within the team. In most mediocre companies accumulative feedback is given once during the annual performance appraisal session. Conversely in a productive workplace, effective feedback is given at each opportunity. The line manager must ensure that feedback be given both at an individual level as well as the team level. Feedback should be relevant, sincere, and more importantly positive feedback should outweigh negative feedback. Furthermore the line manager must ensure that she/he build a positive basis which makes any criticism more acceptable and understandable. Giving frequent positive feedback encourages discussion and helps the employee to accept correction or criticisms feedback with a healthy attitude. The line manager should also give feedback that is specific and individualized. Giving lump sum feedback or team feedback is generalized and does not contribute as much to motivate productivity or create positive change. When the feedback applies to specific goal, employee, or objective it is more effective and has more power to impact behaviour. Pages = 3 Words = 1,260

Why Couples Break Up Essay -- essays research papers

In our complex society there are marriages and relationships that succeed and comparably many that do not. Unfortunately, many small conflicts within people do not resolve easily and lead up to divorces and/or break ups. It is unfair to say that particular sex is responsible for all the causes the difficulties in relationships. Therefore, both sides should be analyzed closely to find the flaws within the relationships. Most men think that their girlfriends or wives are the main problem makers, and strongly oppose the fact that they are the problem too. Similarly, women find their own reasons to blame their men for the failures of their relationships. However, everything comes to a point where each person should take a look at their own flaws and also consider the problems in their own sex, that unfortunately cause their marriage to dissolve in the big pot of misunderstanding and confusion. From women's point of view we can see that men are not the perfect human beings, which they thi nk they are. Women come up with countless causes that build up tension between couples. Important of all, men are blamed for every single thing. Major causes that raise difficulties and rifts within relationships are men's irresponsible spending, their habit for gawking at other girls, and that they usually forget special occasions. First of all, a main cause that is commonly identified by many females is that men go for other girls and gawk at them even in their presence. Many conflicts in rela...